潜水回水初始阶段的定性-半定量分析及对水跃的解释
The qualitative—semiquantitative analysis of streams recharging unconfined aquifer at initial stage and the explain for the presence of a seepage face in a pumped well
投稿时间:2015-06-18  修订日期:2015-06-18
DOI:
中文关键词:  潜水  回水  水力坡度  定性分析    水跃(渗出面)
英文关键词:unconfined aquifer  recharge  hydraulic gradient  qualitative analysis  well  seepage-face
基金项目:
作者单位邮编
孙宝亮* 东北大学资源与土木工程学院 110004
梁俊红 东北大学资源与土木工程学院 
崔卫利 东北大学资源与土木工程学院 
吴义松 中南冶金地质研究所 
马广智 中冶北方工程技术有限公司 
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中文摘要:
      本文提出并使用水力坡度分析方法,对潜水回水初始阶段作简单、直观、较为精确的定性-半定量分析,提供另一视角来了解潜水回水的过程。经过初始时刻的水力坡度分析,左河侧界面被分为二段:河间潜水位之上的铅直段和之下的水平段。水平段的点水力坡度最大且相等,方向为水平向右;铅直段的点水力坡度方向趋于铅直向下,越向上水力坡度越小。经过微小时间段后,水力坡度都相应变小。铅直段相邻点间地下水运动发生冲突,水力坡度方向由趋于铅直向下向右偏转。可将对潜水回水初始阶段分析的过程和结论用于分析潜水井流,有助于深入地了解潜水井流的过程和特征,进一步解释水跃的成因:在相同水力坡度和过水断面面积下,井内大空间水流速度远大于孔隙中潜水流速度,井内水位急速下降,从而形成水跃。水跃越大,进入井内的流量就越大。
英文摘要:
      We advance and use a hydraulic gradient analytical method to analyse unsteady flow of the initial stage of streams recharging unconfined aquifer qualitatively-semiquantitatively, thus to make the solution more simple and intuitionistic, moderately accurate. This practice provides a new view for comprehending the process of streams recharging unconfined aquifer. By analyzing the hydraulic gradient of initial time, the left stream interface is divided into two segments, the vertical segment and the horizontal segment divided by the water table in the inter-stream area. The hydraulic gradient of the points in the horizontal segment are equal and maximum value, its directions is horizontal to the right. The smaller the hydraulic gradient value is, the higher the point position in the vertical segment is, and its direction is vertical downward. After a tiny period, the hydraulic gradients of any point become smaller, waters coming from adjacent points in the vertical segment collide, and the direction of the hydraulic gradient is deflected to the right. The qualitative-semiquantitative analytical method can also be employed to analyse unconfined radial flow to a pumped well with a seepage face, and the result help us to understand the process of unconfined flow to a well. The reason of presence of a seepage face is, under same hydraulic gradient and cross-sectional area, the flow velocity in big space is much greater than one in the pore. The water level in the well rapidly declines, water table in a unconfined aquifer but can"t do so, thus a seepage face presents as a result. The longer the seepage face is, the greater the rate of discharge into the well is.
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