| 张姣姣,吴建中,吕潇文,牛文明,柳玉洁,贾晓青,李兆楠,罗立红,田勇.近十年天津市地面沉降现状与影响因素分析[J].地质找矿论丛,2025,40(4):550-557 |
| 近十年天津市地面沉降现状与影响因素分析 |
| Analysis of Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Land Subsidence in Tianjin in the Past Decade |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-16 修订日期：2025-12-01 |
| DOI：10.6053/j.issn.1001-1412.2025.04.012 |
| 中文关键词: 地面沉降 监测网 临界水位 填海造陆 软土 天津 |
| 英文关键词:land subsidence monitoring network critical level reclamation soft soils Tianjin City |
| 基金项目:部省合作项目“天津市区域地面沉降高精度监测、预警与调控关键技术示范研究”（2024ZRBSHZ011）资助。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 张姣姣 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 吴建中 | 自然资源部地面沉降监测与防治重点实验室, 上海 200072
上海市自然资源调查利用研究院, 上海 200072 | | 吕潇文 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 牛文明 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 柳玉洁 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 贾晓青 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 李兆楠 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 罗立红 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 | | 田勇 | 天津市地质环境监测总站, 天津 300191 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 地面沉降是天津市平原区主要的地质灾害之一。目前天津已建成包括水准测量、GNSS监测、InSAR监测、分层标组监测、光纤监测以及地下水位监测的“空-天-地-深”立体监测网。根据地面沉降长期监测数据，本文深入分析了天津市近十年地面沉降的演化特征及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明，通过实施地面沉降综合治理，天津市沉降区范围和沉降量均在明显减小，沉降区空间分布上由大范围连片变为局部散状分布；天津平原年均地面沉降量与地下水开采量呈良好的相关关系；地下水超采是连片地面沉降的主控因素，地下水水位漏斗的中心区，也是地面沉降量最大的地区。地面沉降随着地下水开采强度的降低而有所减缓，随着地下水位回升至临界水位以上，地层持续一段时间滞后压缩后基本保持稳定。同时随着地下水超采对地面沉降的影响持续弱化，填海造陆地区大面积堆填土作为附加荷载引起下伏软土地层的压缩、城市工程建设活动以及软土固结压密引发的沉降问题逐渐凸显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Land subsidence is the most prominent geological hazard in the plain area of Tianjin. Currently, Tianjin has established a three-dimensional "space-air-ground-deep" monitoring network encompassing leveling surveying, GNSS monitoring, InSAR monitoring, layered benchmark group monitoring, optical fiber monitoring, and groundwater level monitoring. Based on long-term land subsidence monitoring data, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary characteristics and main influencing factors of land subsidence in Tianjin over the past decade. The research results indicate that, through the implementation of comprehensive land subsidence control measures, both the scope and magnitude of subsidence areas in Tianjin have significantly decreased, with the spatial distribution of subsidence areas shifting from a large-scale contiguous distribution to a local, scattered distribution. There is a good correlation between the annual average land subsidence volume in the Tianjin Plain and groundwater extraction volume. Groundwater overexploitation is the dominant factor driving contiguous land subsidence: areas with high groundwater extraction intensity and the central zones of groundwater-level funnels often experience the maximum land subsidence. Land subsidence has been alleviated with a reduction in groundwater extraction intensity, and after the groundwater level rises above the critical level, the strata stabilize following a lagged compression period. Meanwhile, as the impact of groundwater overexploitation on land subsidence continues to weaken, subsidence issues caused by other factors have gradually become prominent. These include the compression of underlying soft soil layers induced by large-area filled soil as additional loads in reclaimed land areas, urban engineering construction activities, and the consolidation and compaction of soft soils. |
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