| 尹雪莹,尹冰川.天然氢气藏地质环境及找矿方向[J].地质找矿论丛,2025,40(2):217-226 |
| 天然氢气藏地质环境及找矿方向 |
| Geological environments and prospecting direction of natural hydrogen reservoirs |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-08 修订日期：2025-05-10 |
| DOI：10.6053/j.issn.1001-1412.2025.02.009 |
| 中文关键词: 天然氢 天然氢气藏 地质环境 天然氢勘查 土壤气体测量 |
| 英文关键词:natural hydrogen natural hydrogen reservoir geological environment natural hydrogen exploration soil gas measurement |
| 基金项目:氢岩科技(北京)有限公司"中国天然氢系统与资源基金"(编号:H2T-RF-001)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 天然氢是一种新型清洁能源,具有成为未来氢能重要来源的潜力。目前,全球范围内掀起了天然氢勘探的热潮。本文基于对全球现有天然氢勘探成果、储藏特征及成藏机制的研究,总结了天然氢气藏的主要地质环境,包括大陆克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地以及富含镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带的造山带。现有研究表明,天然氢的主要成因是放射性辐射分解和水岩反应,前寒武纪基底岩石被认为是最重要的"氢源岩"。天然氢气藏的形成需具备良好的"源、运、储、盖"条件,其中,不渗透的泥岩、页岩、盐层或致密的辉绿岩、玄武岩是优良的盖层,砂岩、灰岩和白云岩是有利的储层。天然氢的找矿方法以土壤中氢气及其伴生组分的地球化学测量为主,同时同位素研究在成因追踪方面具有重要作用。勘查方向上,应优先选择大陆克拉通的非油气盆地、裂谷盆地以及大陆造山带。中国具有众多有利的大地构造背景,尤其是华北和扬子克拉通内的30多个盆地,其基底广泛分布的含铁建造是天然氢形成的重要"氢源岩"。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Natural hydrogen is a kind of clean energy with sustainable potential. Recently, there has been a global surge in the exploration of natural hydrogen. Based on results of global natural hydrogen exploration and researches on the storage characteristics and formation mechanism of the hydrogen reservoir,this paper synthesizes the geological environments of the reservoir,including continental craton basins, rift basins, and orogenic belts enriched with mafic-ultramafic rock sequences. The natural hydrogen is derived from radiolysis and water-rock interaction. Precambrian basement rocks are the main source rocks. The natural hydrogen reservoir requires a combination of favorable generation, migration, storage, and caprock conditions. Impermeable strata such as mud stone, shale, salt layers, and dense diabase or basalt serve as effective caprocks, while sandstone, limestone, and dolomite are the suitable reservoirs. Soil gas and associated element geochemical measurements are the primary exploration methods. Isotopic data offer critical insights into hydrogen origins. Non-gas and oil craton basins, rift basins, and orogenic belts are the optimal targets for the natural hydrogen prospecting. China possesses diverse tectonic settings favorable for natural hydrogen exploration, particularly in over 30 basins within the North China and Yangtze Cratons, where widely distributed iron-bearing formations in the basement serve as critical "hydrogen source rocks." This paper provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance to advance natural hydrogen exploration in China. |
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