| 马芳,蒋少涌.与陆相火山岩有关的铁、铜、金矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因[J].地质找矿论丛,2005,(4):233-241 |
| 与陆相火山岩有关的铁、铜、金矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因 |
| METALLOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF Fe-Cu-Au DEPOSITS RELATED TO CONTINENTAL VOLCANIC ROCKS |
| 投稿时间：2004-10-25 修订日期：2005-01-23 |
| DOI：10.6053/j.issn.1001-1412.2005.4. 002 |
| 中文关键词: 陆相火山岩 浅成低温金矿 斑岩铜矿 玢岩铁矿 |
| 英文关键词:continental volcanic rocks epithermal gold deposits porphyry copper deposits porphyry iron deposits |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40221301和40234051)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 文章对与陆相火山岩有关的浅成低温金矿、斑岩铜矿和玢岩铁矿产出的大地构造背景、火成岩性质和矿化蚀变特征、成矿流体以及成矿物质来源等方面进行了综述。三类矿床在成矿地质条件上各具特色,表现在:成矿构造背景上,斑岩铜矿和浅成低温金矿均以岛弧和活动大陆边缘为主,其次是陆内环境;而长江中下游玢岩铁矿的形成环境可能为陆内似裂谷环境。浅成低温金矿、斑岩铜矿及玢岩铁矿的主要围岩分别为中、酸性火山岩系、中酸性次火山岩及中基性次火山岩;围岩蚀变分别以硅化、钾化、钠化为特征。浅成低温金矿床成矿流体以低盐度、低温(200~300℃)为主;而斑岩铜矿中则主要是高温(400~800℃)高盐度的流体;玢岩铁矿成矿温度介于两者之间。从低硫亚类浅成热液矿床、高硫亚类浅成热液矿床到斑岩型矿床,流体中大气水含量逐渐减少,岩浆水含量逐渐增多。成矿物质来源上,Fe主要来源于赋矿的火山-次火山岩或原始岩浆,Cu,Au,S和Na等成矿物质的来源更为复杂,还可能来源于与岩浆无关的围岩,其他的可能还包括Cu,S的岩浆混合来源以及Na的高盐卤水来源。一些特殊的岩石类型,如埃达克岩、橄榄玄粗岩及碱性岩与陆相火山岩矿床有密切联系。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The article made an overview on the epithermal Au,porphyry Cu and Fe deposits related to continental volcanic rocks in the respects of the tectonic setting,igneous rocks attributions and features of mineralization and alteration,the ore-forming fluids and the origin of the ore-forming materials.The three kind of deposits are different in the ore-forming conditions: the tectonic setting of epithermal Au and porphyry Cu deposits is mainly island arc or active continental margin,with minor inland environment;while porphyry iron depositssit at middle-lower reach of Yangtze River is probably formed in inland riftoid environment.The host rocks of the epithermal gold,the porphyry copper and the porphyry iron deposits are intermediate-acidic volcanic assemblage,intermediate-acidic subvolcanic rocks and intermediate-basic subvolcanic rocks respectively,and alteration of the wall-rocks are characterized by silicification,K silicate and Na silicate respectively.The ore-forming fluids of epithermal gold deposits are mainly low salinities and temperatures(200~300℃),while the fluids of porphyry copper deposits are mainly high temperatures(400~800℃) and salinities,the ore-forming temperatures of porphyry iron deposits are between the former two kinds of deposits.From low-sulfidation epithermal depostis,high-sulfidation epithermal depostis to porphyry deposits,the meteoric water content decreased and the magmatic water content increased in the ore-forming fluids.For source of the ore-forming materials,Fe are mainly from the host volcanic-subvolcanic rocks or primitive magma;Cu,Au,S and Na are even more complex with another probability of wall rocks which have no relevance to magma,some other probability include magma mixing origin for Cu and S and high salinities brine origin for Na.Some special rock types such as adakite,shoshonite and alkali rocks are closely related to continental volcanic rocks deposits. |
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